ABSTRACT
The improvement of the harvest period standards is critical in the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials. The present study statistically analyzed the harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol.Ⅰ) and put forward the existing problems and suggestions based on herbal records and modern research to provide references for the improvement of the standards. According to the statistical analysis, in 499 types of plant medicinal materials, harvest period standards are recorded under 486 types, accounting for 97.4%, and are lacking in the remaining. Only one medicinal material(Stellariae Radix) is recorded with the standard of the harvest year. The standards of the harvest season and phenological period are recorded under 233 types, accounting for 46.7%. For 237 types, only harvest season is specified, accounting for 47.5%, and for 15 types, only harvest phenological period is specified, accounting for 3.0%. Among 222 types mainly derived from cultivation and 51 types from wild resources and cultivation, only 11 types are recorded with harvest period of cultivated products. Only Stellariae Radix is recorded with the harvest period standards for the wild and cultivated products separately. The harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials with different medicinal parts have certain rules to follow. The main problems about the harvest period standards are discovered. Specifically, no harvest period standards are recorded under 13 types of plant medicinal materials. Almost all perennial cultivated medicinal materials are not recorded with harvest year standard. No phenological period standard is found under 250 types of plant medicinal materials. There is no clear distinction between the harvest period standards of cultivated and wild products. The evidence for harvest period standards of 26 types of plant medicinal materials that can be harvested all year round is insufficient. As a result, it is proposed to strengthen basic research in response to the above-mentioned problems and improve the harvest period standards as soon as possible to ensure the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.
Subject(s)
China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Pharmacopoeias as Topic , Plants, Medicinal , Quality ControlABSTRACT
The stability of volatile oil quality of traditional Chinese medicine is an important prerequisite for its clinical efficacy and safety. The quality of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine is affected by many factors, such as location, producing area, harvest time, extraction process, processing process and so on, which leads to the difference of oil yield or chemical composition of volatile oil, affects the uniformity of volatile oil quality of traditional Chinese medicine, and then affects the curative effect of volatile oil. Therefore, how to control the quality of volatile oil is the key to the role of volatile oil in traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the effects of different parts of medicinal materials, different producing areas and different harvest periods on the quality of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine were analyzed, and the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia containing volatile oil was classified according to medicinal parts, and the differences of volatile oil components of traditional Chinese medicine were discussed in order to provide reference for the development of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine and the establishment of quality standard of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine.
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OBJECTIVEP: To evaluate comprehensively the quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in different harvest periods by chemometric analysis based on the HPLC specific chromatogram and multi-component assay. METHODS: The similarity was analyzed with "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica 2012". t-test, correlation analysis, clustering analysis(HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-one peaks were selected as common peaks of the fingerprint. The similarity of the samples were above 0.9. The contents of liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, neoisoliquiritin, echinatin, and liquiritigenin were determined.There were some differences in the quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in different harvest periods, with liquiritin apioside, neoisoliquiritin and echinatin as the main compounds of difference. CONCLUSION: Autumn is confirmed as the best harvesting period of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. by chemometric analysis. It is suggested that liquiritin apioside should be used as the key quality control indicator for evaluating Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.in different harvest periods.
ABSTRACT
Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. widely distributed in the northeast region of China and some region in Russia and Korea, and its underground parts (roots and rhizomes) being used to cure nervous system diseases such as insomnia. The active components including the essential oil and iridoids of underground parts were investigated in different harvest periods in order to evaluate the quality for the roots and rhizomes of V. amurensis. The content of the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and bornyl acetate in the oil was quantitated by GC-EI. The iridoids, valepotriates were determined by potentiometric titration and the main component, valtrate was quantitated by HPLC-UV. The factors of biomass were considered in the determination of collection period. Statistical analysis of results showed that, the highest content of the essential oil per plant was 22.69 µl in withering period and then 21.58 µl in fruit ripening period, while the highest contents of bornyl acetate, valepotriates and valtrate per plant were 2.82 mg, 31.90 mg and 0.98 mg in fruit ripening period separately. Fruit ripening period was decided as the best harvest period for the content of active constituents and output of drug, and it would provide scientific basis for the artificial cultivation of V. amurensis.
Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. Se distribuye ampliamente en la regioÌn noreste de China y en algunas regiones de Rusia y Corea, y sus partes subterraÌneas (raiÌces y rizomas) se utilizan para curar enfermedades del sistema nervioso como el insomnio. Se investigaron los componentes activos, incluidos el aceite esencial y los iridoides de las partes subterraÌneas de V. amurensis en diferentes periÌodos de cosecha para evaluar la calidad de las raiÌces y rizomas. El contenido del aceite esencial se obtuvo mediante hidrodestilacioÌn y el acetato de bornilo en el aceite se cuantificoÌ por GC-EI. Los iridoides, valepotriatos se determinaron mediante valoracioÌn potenciomeÌtrica y el componente principal, el valtrato se cuantificoÌ por HPLC-UV. Los factores de biomasa fueron considerados en la determinacioÌn del periÌodo de recoleccioÌn. El anaÌlisis estadiÌstico de los resultados mostroÌ que el mayor contenido de aceite esencial por planta fue de 22,69 µl en el periÌodo de marchitacioÌn y luego de 21,58 µl en el periÌodo de maduracioÌn de la fruta, mientras que el mayor contenido de acetato de bornilo, valepotriatos y valtrato por planta fue de 2.82 mg, 31.90 mg y 0,98 mg, respectivamente, en el periÌodo de maduracioÌn de la fruta por separado. Se definioÌ el periÌodo de maduracioÌn de la fruta como el mejor periÌodo de cosecha para el contenido de constituyentes activos y la produccioÌn de droga, lo cual proporcionariÌa una base cientiÌfica para el cultivo artificial de V. amurensis.
Subject(s)
Valerian/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Seasons , Camphanes/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Rhizome/chemistry , Iridoids/analysisABSTRACT
The quality of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has a close relationship to the harvest time. With the annual and biennial Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in different harvest periods as samples, we detected the dynamic changes of chemical compositions in their contents by UHPLC-MS/MS metabolomics technology, then identified the biomarkers of different harvest periods and analyzed their changes in content, finally analyzed the correlation among different metabolites. The results showed that chemical compositions of different harvest periods were obviously different, and showed regular changes. According to the results, if the flavonoid aglycones are chosen as the target components, the proposed harvest time could be May. If flavonoid glycosides, the time is from July to August. Plant metabolomics methodology based on UHPLC-MS/MS can be used to detect the chemical compositions of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in different harvest periods, which provide a reference to the optimum harvest period of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and also provide a new method of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
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Objective: To explore the hereditary basis of secondary metabolic biosynthesis in Angelica Sinensis Radix (the roots of Angelica Sinensis) and identify the gene sequence of active substance in Angelica Sinensis Radix. Methods: The samples of Angelica Sinensis Radix were collected in Min County of Gansu Province and were identified by relevant experts. Total RNA was extracted from the heads and tails of Angelica sinensis. Sequencing library was constructed and qualified. Then, Double-ended sequencing was accomplished in Illumina HiSeq 2000 device. Transcriptome characteristic of Angelica Sinensis Radix was analyzed by relevant bioinformatics. Results: We obtained 66 431 540 primitive sequences of Angelica Sinensis Radix by Illumina HiSeq 2000 high-flux sequencing and annotated 30 432 unigenes by bioinformatics. The important economic crop distributed in Angelica Sinensis Radix sequences are Vitis vinifera, Ricinus communis, Populus trichocarpa, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Nicotiana tabacum through comparing with 939 species sequences in Uniprot protein library. It was suggested that 127, 69, 70, and 94 unigenes expressed in Angelica Sinensis Radix were respectively mapped to the pathway of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, N-glycan biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis. These unigenes are related to the biosynthesis of important active substances, for example ferulic acid, polysaccharide, flavonoid, and folic acid in Angelica Sinensis Radix. Conclusion: Unigenes explored in the present paper are involved in the biosynthesis of major pharmaceutical substances, suggesting the genetic basis of Angelica Sinensis Radix.
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Object To study the content of nudicauline in Papaver nudicaule L.from different harvest period, so as to provide the basis for development of the plant.Methods The nudicauline content in P.nudicaule was determined by HPLC with Shim-Pack CLC-ODS (4.6 mm?250 mm), mobile phase was methanol-water-diethylamine (550∶450∶0.45), detection wavelength was at 261 nm.Results The contents of nudicauline in P.nudicaule were greatly different from different harvest period, the content of nudicauline is higher in both July and Augest.Conclusion The whole plant is best harvested during July and Augest.